At its core
Addiction is characterised by the compulsive use of a substance or engagement in a behaviour despite negative consequences. This can include physical harm to oneself or others, strained relationships, financial difficulties, legal problems, and more.
Addiction is often accompanied by intense cravings for the substance or activity in question, as well as withdrawal symptoms when access to it is restricted.
Addiction has both biological and environmental components. Genetics can play a role in predisposing individuals to addiction, while factors such as trauma, stress, peer pressure, and social isolation can also contribute to its development.
Additionally, repeated exposure to addictive substances or activities can alter brain chemistry over time, leading to increased tolerance and dependence.